Human Relations at Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

China - Literature Development, Confucianism and Revolutions Essay

China - Literature Development, Confucianism and Revolutions - Essay Example Moreover, the paper talks about the way of thinking of Confucius thus alluded as Confucianism and how it has impacted the lives of the individuals of China in all actuality to date. At long last, the paper gives an inside and out examination of the 1911 †1949 upset as the upheaval with the best effect on China socially, financially and strategically. A short synopsis end will be given that sums up the contemplations in this article. Redness or red so to speak was a term used to allude to specific perspectives that were political and ideological. They were endorsed by the convention of Maoist. The master then again generally compared with the reds was utilized to signify extraordinary aptitudes or information in science or innovation. As such pressure existed between the two gatherings in the twentieth century in China with the two terms utilized in juxtaposition to each other (Schoppa, pg.112). Consequently redness had to do with the political and ideological perspectives while specialists were intelligent people in this period. As such during the twentieth century, the different sides clashed with convictions that the two were fundamentally unrelated and couldn't be consolidated. Strauss, (578 - 580) clarifies: As the different sides varied in belief systems it got hard for them to find some kind of harmony between the two in China. Chinese writing was without a doubt exceptionally urgent for country building having an extremely flexible customary social heritage. Hence it characterized Chinese patriotism. Along these lines finding some kind of harmony among reds and specialists became one incredible test for this country. The country at that point took to do instruction changes from the 1950s onwards and Chinese writing trapped with the country building. As such the nation’s culture was characterized by its writing. In the wake of a development called the new culture, Kaozheng (reds) strategy came to be first given. This was in 1917. Through this, a novel was written in vernacular concentrating on sanctifying the writing of Chinese.

Introduction to Social Venture Capital

Introduction to Social Venture Capital Governmental organizations, non-governmental organizations and charities used to be the major players in the battle against some of the biggest social and environmental issues. However, due the interconnected nature of our modern societies, together with the improved technology, entrepreneurs are also looking to solve social issues.Socially responsible investing and entrepreneurship have led to the emergence of social investment funds and businesses. © Shutterstock.com | CHOATphotographerIn this guide, we will look at one aspect of socially responsible investing: social venture capital. The guide will explain what social venture capital is and how it works. We’ll look at its advantages and disadvantages for social enterprises, and reveal the key ways to attract social venture capital.WHAT IS SOCIAL VENTURE CAPITAL?Social venture capital aims at investing in a socially responsible manner in companies, which are looking to provide real social change. Social venture capital often focuses on companies that want to  solve environmental and social issues, such as alleviating poverty. The firms can aim to solve these issues either directly through their product or service, or by implementing special programs in this area.It is a highly philanthropic form of investing, as the focus is on finding companies with a strong social conscience. Despite the pivot being on socially responsible companies, social venture capital investing still emphasizes returns. It isn’t simply a form of charity work or provision of donations, social venture capitalists select investment opportunities with a healthy return on investment in mind.How does social venture capital differ from traditional venture capital?Whilst both social venture capital and traditional venture capital focus on attracting a healthy return on the investment, the two investing methods still differ in terms of their broader goals.Traditional venture capital sets maximization of the financial risk-return relation as the most important goal to achieve. On the other hand, social venture capital has a broader objective. Not only does a social venture capitalist wish to maximize the financial return, they are also interested in maximizing the social or ecological return. The focal point is on making the profit while also improving the social and environmental conditions the company is focusing on.It would be wrong to assume social capital doesn’t look at financia l returns at all. In addition, the persistent myth around social venture capital is that it “doesn’t generate attractive returns”. But recent years have shown that social venture capital can, in fact, even provide healthier returns than traditional venture capital.Research by the Responsible Investment Association Australasia (RIAA) found that responsible investment funds outperformed the ASX 300 and the average large cap Australian equities across different investment periods. Furthermore, the value of socially responsible investments increased by 24% in 2014. In the previous year, these investments had increased by 50%. Hence, the notion that social investment wouldnt be financially attractive is a fallacy that doesnt necessarily match the actual facts.Who provides social venture capital?Social venture capital is provided by specialist social venture capital firms, funds and impact investors. Many major venture capital firms tend to have special social venture capital funds operating alongside traditional funds. Furthermore, both, international and local development banks, can be a source of social venture capital.It should be noted that social venture capital investors often have different ways to define “socially responsible”. For example, certain investors focus on ensuring the funds they invest in avoid certain industries deemed harmful for common good, such as arms trade, gambling, tobacco or alcohol, for example.On the other hand, others focus on a more in-depth view on the company’s business model. These individual investors might focus on finding companies which target a specific social goal or which operate under a fairer business model, such as improved minimum wage.The focus of social venture capital firms is often on the developing world. The investments are directed to developing countries and companies operating in these countries. Nonetheless, social investments are on the rise in the developed world as well and attract significant amounts of funding.TYPES OF SOCIAL VENTURE CAPITAL INVESTORSIf we look at the types of social venture capital investors, we can see the different approach investors take on this investment method. The types of social venture capital investors include:Social venture accelerators â€" These are similar to Seed Accelerators. The focus is on providing seed funding to start-ups with potential to scale. Like traditional seed accelerators, social venture accelerators often focus on tech-based companies.Social incubators and funds â€" Social incubators and funds are another form of social venture investing. The focus of incubators is to provide start-ups and entrepreneurs with facilities and funding. In addition, there are special social incubator funds, which focus on social investment intermediaries that generally carry a higher financial risk.Non-profit oriented funding â€" Certain investors tend to focus more on non-profit investing. Social venture capital is often the perfect match for non-profit looking to deliver social impact while maintaining a social enterprise pattern.Business Angels â€" Finally, you have business angels, investing in start-ups and private companies.Social venture capital’s successes in providing healthy returns for investors have accelerated the setting up of different funds and firms. Some of the more famous social venture capital firms include:Acumen FundGrassroots Business FundTriodos BankOmidyar NetworkHOW DOES SOCIAL VENTURE CAPITAL WORK?The basic premise of social venture capital is similar to traditional venture capital. Essentially, the investor invests capital in a company and later receives a return.As traditional venture capital, social venture capital aims at finding the entrepreneurs and start-ups with products and services that offer growth potential. Once these start-ups are identified, capital is provided to help the company fulfill its potential.Whilst the most important metric for venture capitalists is profit and finan cial return, social venture capitalists focus on other metrics during the investment period as well. To social venture capitalists the metrics that matter include:Financial profitabilityBusiness development (scalability)The social mission/ecological impact of the businessTherefore, the objective isn’t only about the financial return and social venture capital typically cashes out only once the social enterprise realizes a return on all of the above metrics.  This means that once the enterprise has achieved the desired social or ecological goal, together with a financial return, the return is distributed back to the investor.Social ventures can utilize a range of funding options. The most forms of social venture funding include:Debt capitalMezzanine capitalEquity investment â€" Social venture capital firms also use equity investment through preferred shares.Furthermore, in many instances, social ventures combine the use of debt capital with mezzanine capital.THE ADVANTAGES AND DISA DVANTAGES OF RAISING SOCIAL VENTURE CAPITAL FOR SOCIAL ENTERPRISESSimilar to venture capital funding, social venture capital also provides its share of advantages and disadvantages. If a social enterprise is considering social venture capital as a funding option, the following points are important to keep in mind.The advantages of social venture capitalMany of the advantages of social venture capital are similar to traditional venture capital. Enterprises are not only able to attract capital; they will also receive the experience of the investor. Social venture capitalists can provide guidance to these enterprises and therefore, guarantee they unlock their potential quicker.In addition, the social venture capital investment model offers a relaxed repayment model. As with traditional venture capital funding, the schedule to return the investment is flexible and businesses can focus on the essentials at the start.Furthermore, social venture capital provides quick and sufficient fundin g to social enterprises. Socially responsible companies often focus on projects, which are both large scale and take time to implement. Social venture capitalists understand this point of view and are able to provide the initial capital to kick-start these projects.But social venture capital adds additional advantages as well. Most importantly, the conditions to obtain capital are often better compared to traditional venture capital. As social venture capital doesn’t simply focus on the financial returns, investors are willing to provide capital cheaper, as it might take a longer time for a social business to turn profitable.Finally, social enterprises naturally would benefit from social venture capital due to aligned interests and goals. Since both parties in the deal are aiming to earn money, as well as to create a social impact, it is easier to reach common ground.The disadvantage of social venture capitalThere are disadvantages to social venture capital as well. Since investor s also emphasize the financial returns together with specific social or ecological requirements, the criteria to attract this investment can be challenging. Start-ups and entrepreneurs might struggle to find investors willing to fund their business. Furthermore, similarly to venture capital, the amount of control involved can occur detrimental for new enterprises.While social venture capital focuses on other metrics of success, they still emphasize the ROI as well. However, social entrepreneurs often don’t have a self-sustainable financial model implemented right from the start. Therefore, start-ups might find other financing alternatives more suitable, as the focus wouldn’t be as heavily on the financial return. For example, crowdfunding, while expecting a return of some kind, doesn’t necessarily focus on a financial return. Furthermore, social enterprises might find philanthropy and donations better to support the social cause of the business.In addition, since social enterp rises don’t have a strong self-sustained financing model in place, the dependency on social venture capital can increase. The enterprises can be inflexible when it comes to the identity structure on leveraging capital. This can be due to inability to provide a clear exit strategy, as the enterprise is often focused on generating long-term impact. Therefore, the use of other funding channels, such as network investments and bank debt, can be limited. Social venture capital can easily become the easiest route to financing, which has then the disadvantage of increasing reliance on the method.WHAT ARE THE KEYS TO ATTRACTING SOCIAL VENTURE CAPITAL?Since the nature of social enterprises is different compared to other enterprises, the expectations of social venture capitalists are also different, as the above shows. As mentioned, finding social venture capital funding can be a challenge. Nonetheless, it is possible to ease the attractiveness of the enterprise by following the below point s.Alignment between financial and social missionSince investors are looking for financial returns together with social impact, enterprises need to find a strong alignment between the two goals. The enterprise must have a compelling and effective social mission, while also laying out strong foundations for being a profitable business.If the enterprise is able to demonstrate its ability to deliver meaningful social impact, while promising healthy financial returns, social venture capital will follow. The crucial point is to understand that both models should complement and support one another. If either one of the goals seems unattainable, social venture capitalists will have a hard time justifying investment.A proper management teamLike any venture capitalist, a social venture capitalist will want a strong management team behind the business. Perhaps even more so in the case of social venture capital, as these investors tend to trust teams more than individuals.For socially responsib le companies a well-run management team is beneficial because it leaves more room for individuals to focus on different aspects of running the business. Since investors are looking to achieve a number of goals, a larger team can help them feel more relaxed, as each aspect is properly taken care of.Strong ways to measure social impactFinancial success is simple to measure, as you focus on financial metrics to measure when a goal is reached. But since social venture capital is also interested in the social impact, the business must implement strategies for measuring the social impact.Measuring social impact can be difficult, especially as start-ups tend to struggle with resources. Nevertheless, it is essential to highlight the different ways impact can be monitored for potential investors.Understanding the best ways to monitor the impact can further help define the objective. It can bring much needed clarity, as the business can become more aware of what it is trying to achieve.For ex ample, if the aim is to help young people launch their careers, the enterprise can measure their success by looking at the number of young people they’ve helped to get work or the amount of young people attending their work skill seminars.A sustainable and promising business modelFinally, social enterprises must focus on providing investors with a sustainable and promising business model. Since social venture capitalist are looking for scalability, the business model must highlight how it tries to achieve this, together with financial and social returns.For more tips on attracting capital as a social enterprise, check out the below video: SOCIAL VENTURE CAPITAL â€" THE NEXT BIG THING?Annual global venture capital investments stood at $48.3 billion in 2014. Venture capital has helped a number of famous companies, such as Facebook and Twitter, to succeed, while these companies have had an impact on how we live our lives. Social venture capital is attempting to harness this effective ness to ensure socially responsible companies alleviate some of society’s biggest struggles.In the past, most social issues have been left for non-profit organisations and national governments to solve. But national governments are often faced with issues such as underfunding and high levels of bureaucracy. On the other hand, venture capitalists have tended to focus on finding investment opportunities that focus on providing hefty financial returns. But social venture capital meets these two opposite ends in the middle and combines the aspirations of the two.Social venture capital can help companies provide change that is more meaningful. Technological innovation has proven especially useful in helping eradicate social issues from providing clean drinking water to connect rural small businesses with larger companies. Social venture capital has the potential to direct the wealth of available funds in an effective manner towards projects, which have a bigger social or ecological imp act on local communities.The last decade has seen a number of high profile social venture capital investments. J.P. Morgan and the Global Impact Investing Network researched 125 major funds, foundations, and development finance institutions and these groups made $46 billion sustainable investments in 2014. In 2015, one of the biggest destinations for social venture capital, India, saw these types of investments increase by 8%.The shift is not simply in investment numbers, but also in investor attitudes. US Trust’s research highlights nearly 70% of millennials consider investments as a way to express social and environmental values. The percentage of older generations, which agreed with this notion, hovered around 30%.National governments have jumped on board with social venture capital. In the UK, the government proposed to provide a 30% tax relief for social venture capital trusts. Changes such as these are likely to enhance the attractiveness of social venture capital, for both the investors and the entrepreneurs. Social venture capital has the potential to help solve the big social dilemmas of the 21st century.

Swot Analysis Of Japan - 1631 Words

Overview of Country Japan, the Land of the Rising Sun, is an island in East Asia in the Pacific Ocean. Its capital is Tokyo and the national language is Japanese. Japan is considered a great power and is a member of both the United Nations and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. The country enjoys a highly skilled work force and is considered to have one of the most highly educated countries in the world. At one point, the 2000s, Japan also laid claim to providing 4 of 5 top circulated newspapers in the world. (Foreign Commonwealth Office, 2017) (OECD, 2017) Economic Statistics Japan is the third largest economy by nominal GDP, $4.6 trillion, and fourth largest economy by purchasing power parity. In addition,†¦show more content†¦Suggestions have been made as to how to offset the decrease in population—increasing the immigrant population as well as incentives attempt to increase the birth rate. According to the living and human development index, Japan has very high standard of living in addition to the highest life expectancy and the infant mortality rate is 3rd lowest. Religion The dominant religions are Shinto and Buddhism both complement each other in various ways. They have harmonious cohabitation within the nation and promote peace and harmony. Moreover, religion does not necessarily play a large part in the average everyday life of a Japanese person outside of holidays and special occasions. Trading Blocs The Trans-Pacific Partnership has been in the works between the EU and Japan since 2013 for a free trade agreement and Non-Tariff Measures in order to ease the burdens of existing trade barriers with Japan. Urgency recently developed when the Trump, the President of the United States of America, left the partnership affecting the other 11 members of the trading bloc. (EU-Japan Center for Industrial Cooperation , 2017) Political Environment The country is a constitutional monarchy and although Japan has an Emperor, power is mainly within the Prime Minister and Diet’s control. Therefore, the Emperor is more a ceremonial figure. The National Diet is Japan’s bicameral legislature and is dominated by the social liberal Democratic Party of Japan and the conservative LiberalShow MoreRelatedThe Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (GS) - Financial and Strategic SWOT Analysis Review961 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (GS) - Financial and Strategic SWOT Analysis Review On 05TH DEC.2013 The report provides you an in-depth strategic SWOT analysis of the companies businesses and operations. The profile has been compiled by Global Data to bring to you a clear and an unbiased view of the companies key strengths and weaknesses and the potential opportunities and threats. The profile helps you formulate strategies that augment your business by enabling you to understand your partnersRead MoreToyota Motor Corporation Swot Analysis1709 Words   |  7 Pages SWOT Analysis of the Toyota Motor Corporation Yewande Adeniyi Davenport University Busn520 Dr. Thomas Steinhagen March 15, 2013 SWOT Analysis of the Toyota Motor Corporation Yewande Adeniyi Davenport University Busn520 Dr. Thomas Steinhagen March 15, 2013 Table of Contents Abstract†¦.3 Introduction†¦.4 Strengths†¦.4, 5 Weaknesses†¦.5 Opportunities†¦.5, 6 Threats†¦.6 External Factors†¦.6, 7 Recommendations/Conclusion†¦.7, 8 References†¦.9, 10 Abstract This paper outlines a complete SWOT analysis reportRead MoreSituational Analysis Essay1442 Words   |  6 PagesTeam A - Situational Analysis Karmarie Maldonado, Thomas Granvang, Thomasina Campbell, and Kanesha Madison STR/GM 581: International Strategic Planning and Implementation January 30, 2012 Jill M. 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The Development Of Management Theory - 1641 Words

The main focus behind the development of management theory is the quest for good ways to make use of managerial means. Management theory evolves constantly with the continuous stream of new ideas that come from the attempts to transform theory into practice, and vice versa (Aguinaldo Powell, 2002). Progression in management theory normal happen as key personnel discover great methods to accomplish the most important management responsibilities: planning, organiz-ing, leading, and controlling human and other managerial means. This paper will show how man-agement theory having to do with suitable management processes has emerge in modern times, and view the main aspects that have led to its prosperity. First, I will discuss the exemplary management theories that transpired around the twentieth century. These involve scientific management, which center of attraction was on associating per-sonnel and jobs to increase effectiveness; and administrative management, which center of atten-tion is on recognizing the principles that will impel to the beginning of the nearly adept structure of management and organization. Next, you have behavioral management theories which was estab-lished both prior and subsequently the Second World War, which spotlight was on supervisors should guide and supervise their personnel to optimize their effectiveness. Then you have man-agement science theory, which was current during the Second World War and which has evolved to be veryShow MoreRelatedThe Development Of Management Theory1643 Words   |  7 PagesThe main focus behind the development of management theory is the quest for good ways to make use of managerial means. Management theory evolves constantly with the continuous stream of new ideas that come from the attempts to transform theory into practice, and vice versa (Aguinaldo Powell, 2002). Progression in management theory normal happen as key personnel discover great methods to accomplish the most important management responsibilities: planning, organiz-ing, leading, and controllingRead MoreEvolution And Development Of Contemporary Management Theory2687 Words   |  11 PagesManagement revolutionized by the â€Å"man who invented management†, a writer, consultant, and professor. Known as the â€Å"godfather of management theory and practise† Peter F (Bloomberg L.P 2014), Drucker influenced many people with his management theory and business concepts. Professor Peter Drucker (1909 – 2005) was a leading academic researcher, author, and expert who had a prominent and significant influence on the evolution and development of contemporary management theory throughout the second halfRead MoreEvaluate the Contribution of the Hawthorne Studies to the Development of Management Theory and Practice.1720 Words   |  7 Pagessubjected to many criticisms. Yet, the evolvement of many of the management theories today would not have come about without the experiments done by E lton Mayo. This essay will cover the various aspects of management that has been refined through the findings of the tests conducted and how improvements were made to aid in the development of organisational behaviour. It will also discuss the various studies and will show how these theories implement Hawthorne studies as the foundation and the basis ofRead MoreEvaluate the Contribution of the Hawthorne Studies to the Development of Management Theory and Practice2439 Words   |  10 Pagesfour important areas of management theory: Frederick Taylor s Scientific Management, Elton Mayo s Hawthorne Works experiments and the human relations movement, Max Weber s idealized bureaucracy, and Henri Fayol s views on administration. It will provide a general description of each of these management theories together with observations on the environment in which these theories were applied and the successes that they achieved. Frederick Taylor - Scientific Management Description FrederickRead MoreLeadership And Management Theories, Principles And Best Practice Concepts Benefit My Nursing Leadership Development2400 Words   |  10 Pagescare is delivered towards the patient. The first part of this essay will focus on leadership and management with the aim of developing knowledge from the discussion of theories and strategies to the provision of quality care. In the last section I will reflect on how knowledge gathered about leadership and management theories, principles and best practice concepts benefit my nursing leadership development. To begin with, fundamentals of leadership are to believe in the vision and to enjoy the journeyRead MoreCareer Management : Career Goals1705 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction According to dictionary.com Career management is the life long, self monitored process of career planning that involves choosing and setting personal goals, and formulating strategies for achieving them. The first step in the process of career management is identifying the vision that you have for your career and what you will need to do to get there. Through the process of career management, one must began to do some soul searching to have a clear understanding of their interest, valuesRead More Henry Fayols Organizational and Management Theory Essay1693 Words   |  7 Pages There are many theories that have been developed by scholars to explain the principles and practice of management. Some of these theorists include: Henry Fayol; and Mintzberg among others. Henry Fayol is believed to be the first scholar to develop the management theory. Other scholars developed their theories based on the weakness of Henry Fayol’s theory of management (Thomson 2004). Henry Fayol is a scholar of French national and was born in 1841. 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This concerns general growth, and is not related specifically to the employees existing post. The term training means the gaining of a particular set of knowledge Read MoreLeader Ship vs Management1148 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership VS Management Introduction There is the age old question of what is the difference between a manager and a leader? Most people will say that you can’t be a manager without being a leader. Leadership and management are an ongoing development.This search for the characteristics or traits of leaders has been ongoing for centuries. Some people believe they go hand in hand and some believe they are two complete different things. This continues development had resulted in many different

Capitalism Vs Socialism Free Essays

Capitalism’s central idea is that the marketplace decides what will be made and sold. In Capitalism the government exists to protect individual rights. Capitalism fir SST emerged in the 16th century; Capitalism in Europe was preceded by feudalism. We will write a custom essay sample on Capitalism Vs Socialism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Capitalism ca n be tracked back all the way to Western Europe during the Middle Ages. Then it began to devil pop into a more modern version during the Early Modern Period in countries in northwestern Europe, like the Netherlands and Europe. The founder of Capitalism was Adam Smith; he creak Ted Capitalism around the 18th century. Socialism is an economic system in which the government owns and controls manufacturing, and is also responsible for planning the economy. Socialism w as created in the early 1 8th century by Karl Marx. Socialism was created in an attempt to eliminate ate the differences Hernandez 2 between the rich and the poor. If you are a socialist you are not allowed to owe n anything not even a house! Socialism is the concept that individuals should not have ownership of land, money, or industries. But the whole whole community collectively owns and controls pro Perry, goods, and production. In the other hand under Capitalism, individuals own and control I ND, money, and even production of industries. The individuals are even free to own homes an d cars. Capitalist also have the freedom to live where ever they want Socialism was emerged to eliminate the rich and the poor. But Capitalism me urged because of the problems in the feudal society and because of the industrial re volition government started to change. Personally I like capitalism more because of all the freedom people have and I believe that it is unfair that if someone works more or less t hen someone else they get paid the same and that is basically what socialism is. How to cite Capitalism Vs Socialism, Papers

Lizzie Borden Essays (2115 words) - American Folklore, Axe Murder

Lizzie Borden On a hot morning on august 4, 1892, Mr. Andrew Borden and his wife, Abby Borden, were brutally murdered. A daughter of the victims, Lizzie Borden was arrested, tried and acquitted of the crime. She was a woman of spotless character and reputation, and more than that she was educated, refined and prominently connected with the work of the Christian church in the Fall River(Gates 2).The town and the country were divided in their opinions of who could commit such horrifying murders. Many theories have been made to explain that day; the finger has been pointed in every direction- even a Chinese Sunday school student of Lizzies. To this day people are unsure as to weather or not Lizzie brutally murdered her parents. Background/Synopsis: The day started off with the usual routine. Mr. And Mrs. Borden made their way downstairs to eat breakfast a little after seven. The next to wake up was Lizzies uncle, who had shown up unannounced and with out luggage the evening before so he could visit a friend in the area the next day. The day of the murder he left the house at nine thirty. Prior to that time Lizzie work up, waited for her parents to finish eating and went downstairs herself to eat breakfast. (It had become a custom for her and her sister to avoid eating meals with their father and stepmother.) Not long after this Mrs. Borden asked the maid to wash the windows. She did as she was told and spent the rest of the day going throughout the house. Mr. Borden went out to run some errands then the came home, lay down on the couch and proceeded to take a nap. This was the last time that he was seen alive. (Martins, Michael, and Binette 72) After breakfast Lizzie went outside to the barn to find some metal of some sort so that she could use it on her planned fishing trip that day. In the twenty minutes she spent in the barn her parents were murdered (Martins, Michael, and Binette 78). An autopsy was done on the dinning room table later that day which determined that Mr. Borden was sleeping when he died. The cause of death was ten blows to the head with an axe (Porter 8). Meanwhile upstairs while making the bed, Mrs. Borden was murdered with a total of 18 gaping wounds, over 1 of which went through the skull (Flenn 2). Lizzie was the first to discover her fathers body. The maid, who was resting in her room in the attic, was called downstairs at 11:10 (Martins, Michael, and Binette 91). Before the maid was able to see Mr. Bordens mutilated body, Lizzie sent her across the street to the familys doctor. Finding that he wasnt home, she and the doctors wife returned to the Borden home. Meanwhile, Mrs. Churchill, the dearest neighbor to the Bordens, discovered Lizzie on the back porch in great distress. She walked over to the house to console her after hearing that Mr. Borden had been murdered she volunteered to send her handyman to find a doctor, and to help. The police station, about 400 yards away, received the message at 11:15. By 11:45 the police and Dr. Bowen were on the scene (Sullivan 16). During all the confusion, while the handyman went for help, Mrs. Borden was completely forgotten. She had left the house earlier to visit a sick friend. After Dr. Bowen asker about her Lizzie recalled hearing her return and asked the maid to go upstairs to look for her. The maid refused fearing what she might find. So with the company of Mrs. Churchill the miad agreed to scale the steps finding Mrs. Borden murdered in the guestroom (Spiering 16). Mrs. Borden was found with her head crushed in. there was a hole about 1.5 X 5.5 inches along with a scalp wound where the flesh was cut off but not separated from the head. The wound was 2 inches long by 1.5 inches wide. On the left side there were four wounds. Three of them went into the skull, one taking apiece right out of the skull. Many of the wounds crushed through

Free Essays on Invisible Man

of his grandfather prevent him from truly believing the thesis of his own speech, but he gives it anyway. Instead of being shown respect for his work, however, he is humiliated by being made to fight blind-folded against other young black men, and then being shocked by an electrified rug. He pretends not to be angered by these events, yet his true feelings escape him for a moment when, while he is reading his speech, he accidentally says "Social equality," instead of "Social responsibility." After he finishes his speech, he is awarded a new briefcase. Inside the briefcase is a scholarship to the state Negro College. That night he has a dream in which his grandfather tells him to open the brief... Free Essays on Invisible Man Free Essays on Invisible Man Invisibility of the Invisible Man Living in the city, one sees many homeless people. After a while, each person loses any individuality and only becomes â€Å"another homeless person.† Without a name or source of identification, every person would look the same. Ignoring that man sitting on the sidewalk and acting as if we had not seen him is the same as pretending that he did not exist. â€Å"Invisibility† is what the main character/narrator of Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man called it when others would not recognize or acknowledge him as a person. The narrator describes his invisibility by saying, â€Å"I am invisible †¦ simply because people refuse to see me.† Throughout the Prologue, the narrator likens his invisibility to such things as â€Å"the bodiless heads you see sometimes in circus sideshows.† He later explains that he is â€Å"neither dead nor in a state of suspended animation,† but rather is â€Å"in a state of hibernation.† (p.6) This invisibility is something that the narrator has come to accept and even embrace, saying that he â€Å"did not become alive until [he] discovered [his] invisibility.† (p.7) However, as we read on in the story, it is apparent that the invisibility that the narrator experiences, goes much further than just white people unwilling to acknowledge him for who he is. While searching for his true identity, the narrator frequently encounters different people who each see him differently. â€Å"Who the hell am I?† is the question that sticks with him as he realizes that nobody, not even he, understands who he really is. At some points in his life, identities are given to him, even as he is still trying to find himself. While in the Brotherhood, he was given a â€Å"new identity† which was â€Å"written on a slip of paper.† (p.309) He was told to â€Å"starting thinking of [himself] by that name †¦ so that even if [he were] called in the middle of the night [he] would respond.† (p.309) In a simi... Free Essays on Invisible Man Invisible Man Introduction Invisible Man, written in 1952 by Ralph Ellison, documents a young black man's struggle to find identity in an inequitable and manipulative society. During the course of this struggle, he learns many valuable lessons, both about society and himself, through his experiences. Short Plot/Character Analysis/Themes The story begins with the narrator recounting his memories of his grandfather. The most remarkable, and eventually the most haunting, of these is his memory of his grandfather's last words in which he claims to have been a traitor to his own people and urges his son to "overcome 'em with yeses, undermine 'em with grins, agree 'em to death and destruction, let 'em swoller you till they vomit or bust wide open." These words remain imprinted in the narrator's mind throughout the book, although he never fully understands their meaning. His grandfather's words eventually serve as catalyst for his subsequent disillusionments, the first of which occurs direc tly after he graduates from high school. At this time, the narrator is invited to give a speech at a gathering of the town's leading white citizens. The speech he is planning to give expresses the view that humility is the essence of progress. Subconsciously, the words of his grandfather prevent him from truly believing the thesis of his own speech, but he gives it anyway. Instead of being shown respect for his work, however, he is humiliated by being made to fight blind-folded against other young black men, and then being shocked by an electrified rug. He pretends not to be angered by these events, yet his true feelings escape him for a moment when, while he is reading his speech, he accidentally says "Social equality," instead of "Social responsibility." After he finishes his speech, he is awarded a new briefcase. Inside the briefcase is a scholarship to the state Negro College. That night he has a dream in which his grandfather tells him to open the brief... Free Essays on Invisible Man The Invisible Man by H.G. Wells is a strange account of a man’s scientific experiments. This long short story written in the third person is an amazing combination of action and thrill. It takes place in various little towns around the 1800's. This story tells of a man's desire and what it cost him. The story begins in a small town called Iping, in an inn called Coach and Horses. A strange man dressed in trenchcoat and hat and bandages walks in demanding a fire and a room. Mrs. Hall lit the fire and left him in his room to go and fix a meal. As she attempts to gather his wet clothes he refuses and request to keep them. This starts the odd impressions of the town’s people toward him. Days go by as this man keeps to himself and associates with no one. The town’s people start hearing strange noises from his room and begin getting suspicious. With all this suspicion going around Mr. Cuss, the local practitioner, Went to interview this man. Mr. Cuss went in and started asking general questions which later led to the man getting very angry towards him. So as they were talking the man lifted his arm out of his pocket, and Mr. Cuss could see completely up his sleeve, there was no arm! After this event you could imagine how the suspicion grew. People wanted to kn ow who and/or what exactly he was. One day during an uproar the man yelled, â€Å" You have no idea who or what I am but by God I’ll show you right now!† So with that he tore off his hat and bandages and there stood a completely invisible man. Everyone went utterly crazy, and then the police came and that’s when the fighting started. Gentlemen from the town were trying to help get him but they could not get him. As the police tried to cuff him he alluded them by slipping out of his jacket and leaving unnoticed. He left all of his belongings at the inn and would later attempt to retrieve them. The invisible man ran into a man by the name of Mr. Marvel who h...

The Learning Years of Medieval Childhood

The Learning Years of Medieval Childhood The physical manifestations of biological puberty are difficult to ignore, and it is hard to believe that such obvious indications as the onset of menses in girls or the growth of facial hair in boys were not acknowledged as part of a transition into another phase of life. If nothing else, the bodily changes of adolescence made it clear that childhood would soon be over. Medival Adolescence and Adulthood It has been argued that adolescence was not recognized by medieval society as a stage of life separate from adulthood, but this is not at all a certainty. To be sure, teenagers were known to take on some of the work of full-fledged adults. But at the same time, such privileges as inheritance and land ownership were withheld in some cultures until the age of 21. This disparity between rights and responsibilities will be familiar to those who remember a time when the U.S. voting age was 21 and the military draft age was 18. If a child was to leave home before reaching full maturity, the teen years were the most likely time for him to do so. But this did not mean he was on his own. The move from the parents household was almost always into another household, where the adolescent would be under the supervision of an adult who fed and clothed the teenager and to whose discipline the teen was subject. Even as youths left their families behind and took on increasingly more difficult tasks, there was still a social structure to keep them protected and, to some extent, under control. The teen years were also the time to concentrate more intensely on learning in preparation for adulthood. Not all adolescents had schooling options, and serious scholarship could last a lifetime, but in some ways, education was the archetypal experience of adolescence. Schooling Formal education was unusual in the Middle Ages, although by the fifteenth century there were schooling options to prepare a child for his future. Some cities such as London had schools that children of both genders  attended during the day. Here they learned to read and write, a skill that became a prerequisite for acceptance as an apprentice in many Guilds. A small percentage of peasant children managed to attend school in order to learn how to read and write and understand basic math; this usually took place at a monastery. For this education, their parents had to pay the lord a fine and usually promise that the child would not take ecclesiastical orders.  When they grew up, these students would use what theyd learned to keep village or court records, or even to manage the lords estate. Noble girls, and on occasion boys,  were sometimes sent to live in nunneries in order to receive basic schooling. Nuns would teach them to read (and possibly to write) and make sure they knew their prayers. Girls were very likely taught spinning and needlework and other domestic skills to prepare them for marriage. Occasionally such students would become nuns themselves. If a child was to become a serious scholar, his path usually lay in the monastic life, an option that was rarely open to or sought by the average townsman or peasant. Only those boys with the most notable acumen were chosen from these ranks; they were then raised by the monks, where their lives could be peaceful and fulfilling or frustrating and restrictive, depending on the situation and their temperaments. Children at monasteries were most often younger sons of noble families, who were known to give their children to the church in the early Middle Ages. This practice was outlawed by the Church as early as the seventh century (at the Council of Toledo) but was still known to take place on occasion in the centuries that followed. Monasteries and cathedrals eventually began to maintain schools for students who were destined for secular life. For younger students, instruction began with the skills of reading and writing and moved on to the Trivium of the Seven Liberal Arts: grammar, rhetoric, and logic. As they grew older, they studied the Quadrivium: arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music. Younger students were subject to the corporal discipline of their instructors, but by the time they entered University, such measures were rare. Advanced schooling was almost exclusively the province of males, but some females were able to acquire an admirable education nonetheless. The story of Heloise, who took private lessons from Peter Abelard, is a memorable exception; and the youth of both genders at the court of twelfth-century Poitou undoubtedly could read well enough to enjoy and debate the new literature of Courtly Love. However, in the later Middle Ages nunneries suffered a drop in literacy,  reducing available options for a quality learning experience. Higher education for females depended largely on individual circumstances. In the twelfth century, cathedral schools evolved into universities. Students and masters banded together into guilds to protect their rights and further their educational opportunities. Embarking on a course of study with a university was a step toward adulthood, but it was a path that began in adolescence. University One might argue that once a student reached university level he could be considered an adult; and, since this is one of the instances in which a young person might be living on his own, there is certainly logic behind the assertion. However, university students were notorious for making merry and making trouble. Both official university restrictions and unofficial social guidelines kept the students in a subordinate position, not only to their teachers but to senior students. In the eyes of society, it would appear that students were not yet completely considered adults. Its also important to remember that, although there were age specifications as well as experience requirements to become a teacher, no age qualifications governed a students entry into a university. It was a young mans ability as a scholar that determined if he was ready to pursue higher education. Therefore, we have no hard-and-fast age group to consider; students were  usually  still teenagers when they entered university, and legally not yet in full possession of their rights. A student beginning his studies was known as a  bajan,  and in many  cases,  he underwent a rite of passage called the jocund advent upon his arrival at university. The nature of this ordeal varied according to place and time, but it usually involved feasting and rituals similar to the hazing of modern fraternities. After a year at  school,  the  bajan  could be purged of his lowly status by expounding a passage and debating it with his fellow students. If he made his argument successfully, he would be washed clean and led through the town on an ass. Possibly due to their monastic origins, students were tonsured (the tops of their heads were shaved) and wore clothing similar to that of the monk: a  cope  and cassock or a closed-over long-sleeved tunic and overtunic. Their diet could be fairly erratic if they were on their own and with limited funds; they had to purchase what was inexpensive from the shops of the city. Early universities had no provisions for housing, and young men had to live with friends or relatives or otherwise fend for themselves. Before long colleges were set up to aid the less affluent students, the first being the College of the Eighteen in Paris.  In return for a small allowance and a bed at the Hospice of the Blessed Mary, students were asked to offer prayers and take turns carrying the cross and holy water before the bodies of deceased patients. Some residents proved to be insolent and even violent, disrupting the studies of serious students and breaking in when they stayed out after hours. Thus, the Hospice began to restrict its hospitality to students who behaved more pleasantly, and it required them to pass weekly examinations to prove their work was meeting expectations.  The residency  was limited to a year, with the possibility of a years renewal at the discretion of the foundationers. Institutions such as the College of the Eighteen evolved into endowed residences for students, among them Merton at Oxford and Peterhouse at Cambridge. In time, these colleges began to acquire manuscripts and scientific instruments for their students and offer regular salaries to teachers in a concerted effort to prepare candidates in their quests for a degree. By the end of the fifteenth century, few students lived outside colleges. Students attended lectures regularly. In the early days of universities, lectures were held in a hired hall, a church, or the masters home, but soon buildings were constructed for the express purpose of teaching. When not at lectures a student would read significant works, write about them, and expound on them to fellow scholars and teachers. All this was in preparation for the day when he would write a thesis and expound on it to the doctors of the university in return for a degree. The subjects studied included theology, law (both canon and common), and medicine. The University of Paris was foremost in theological studies, Bologna was renowned for its law school, and Salernos medical school was unsurpassed. In the 13th and 14th centuries  numerous universities  sprang up throughout Europe and England, and some students were not content to limit their studies to only one school. Earlier scholars such as  John of Salisbury  and  Gerbert of Aurillac  had traveled far and wide to glean their education; now students were following in their footsteps (sometimes literally). Many of these were serious in motive and driven by a thirst for knowledge. Others, known as  Goliards, were more lighthearted in nature- poets seeking adventure and love. All this may present a picture of students thronging the cities and highways of medieval Europe, but in  reality,  scholarly studies at such a level were unusual. By and large, if a teenager were to undergo any form of structured education, it was more likely to be as an apprentice. Apprenticeship With few exceptions, apprenticeship began in the teens and lasted from seven to ten years. Though it wasnt unheard of for sons to be apprenticed to their own fathers, it was fairly uncommon.  Sons of master craftsmen were by Guild law automatically accepted into the Guild; yet many still took the apprenticeship route, with someone other than their fathers, for the experience and training it offered. Apprentices in larger towns and cities were supplied from outlying villages in substantial numbers,  supplementing labor forces that dwindled from diseases such as the plague and other factors of city living. Apprenticeship also took place in village businesses, where a teenager might learn milling or felting cloth. Apprenticeship was not limited to males. While there were fewer girls than boys taken in as apprentices, girls were trained in a wide variety of trades. They were more likely to be trained by the masters wife, who often knew nearly as much about the trade as her husband (and sometimes more). Although such trades as that of seamstress were more common for females, girls were not limited to learning skills they could take into a marriage, and once they married many continued plying their trades. Youngsters rarely had any choice in which craft they would learn, or with what particular master they would work; the destiny of an apprentice was usually determined by the connections his family had. For example, a young man whose father had a haberdasher for a friend might be apprenticed to that haberdasher, or perhaps to another haberdasher in the same guild. The connection might be through a godparent or neighbor instead of a blood relative. Affluent families had more affluent connections, and a wealthy Londoners son was more likely than a country boy to find himself learning the goldsmith trade. Apprenticeships were formally arranged with contracts and sponsors. Guilds required that bonds of surety be posted to guarantee that apprentices fulfilled expectations; if they did not, the sponsor was liable for the fee. In addition, sponsors or the candidates themselves would sometimes pay the master a fee to take on the apprentice. This would help the master cover the expenses of caring for the apprentice over the next several years. The relationship between master and apprentice was as significant as that between parent and offspring. Apprentices lived in their masters house or shop; they usually ate with the masters family, often wore clothes provided by the master, and were subject to the masters discipline. Living in such close proximity, the apprentice could and often did form close emotional bonds with this foster family, and might even marry the bosss daughter. Whether or not they married into the family, apprentices were often remembered in their masters wills. There were also cases of abuse, which might end up in court; though apprentices were usually the victims, at times they took extreme advantage of their benefactors, stealing from them and even engaging in violent confrontations. Apprentices sometimes ran away, and the sponsor would have to pay the master the surety fee to make up for the time, money and effort that had gone into training the runaway. The apprentices were there to learn and the primary purpose the master had taken them into his home was to teach them; so learning all the skills associated with the craft was what occupied most of their time. Some masters might take advantage of the free labor, and assign menial tasks to the young worker and teach him the secrets of the craft only slowly, but this was not all that common. An affluent craftsmaster would have servants to perform the unskilled tasks he needed to be done in the shop; and, the sooner he taught his apprentice the skills of the trade, the sooner his apprentice could help him properly in the business. It was the last hidden mysteries of the trade that might take some time to acquire. Apprenticeship was an extension of the adolescent  years  and could take up almost a quarter of the average medieval lifespan. At the end of his training, the apprentice was ready to go out on his own as a journeyman. Yet he was still likely to remain with his master as an employee. Sources Hanawalt, Barbara,  Growing Up in Medieval London  (Oxford University Press, 1993).Hanawalt, Barbara,  The Ties that Bound: Peasant Families in Medieval England  (Oxford University Press, 1986).Power, Eileen,  Medieval Women  (Cambridge University Press, 1995).Rowling, Marjorie, Life in Medieval Times  (Berkley Publishing Group, 1979).

Culture is a powerful component of an organization's success Essay

Culture is a powerful component of an organization's success - Essay Example Following this, the management ought to survey the existing operating environment and compare it to the new desired operating environment. The results of such a survey should provide tangible areas for action that could be used to pursue change in the overall environmental operating environment. The next agenda item would be to ensure that the relevant stakeholders are all on board. This is achievable through an analysis of the various stakeholders present in the organisational environment. Not all stakeholders may be significantly involves for each organisational business process. It has to be ensured that all stakeholders are totally engaged and committed to change with change resistance available only to a bare minimum level. A change of behaviours in the organisation would only be possible if the senior management lead through example. The senior management would have to adopt the new desired behaviours themselves to ensure that its effects trickle down to the operational level. The new desired operating environment should be institutionalised by providing structural changes, which are swift yet simple enough for the employees to understand. There would also be a need to redesign the management process as new constraints and restraints are introduced into the operating environment. The management process redesign should bolster any changes in the operating environment. It is important to keep employees motivated when they are inflicted with a changing operating environment that produces strain. In order to keep motivation levels high, employees should be recognised and rewarded when displaying the new desired behaviours. Another mechanism for strengthening the wanted behaviours is to provide formal feedback that orients employees in the desired direction. A change in the overall operating environment is only possible if both individual behaviours and group behaviours experience a significant amount

Sidney Waters Customer Information Billing System Case Study

Sidney Waters Customer Information Billing System - Case Study Example However, Price Water House ran into implementation difficulties and overran the $ 60m Budget assigned to the project. These difficulties were a direct result of their failure to develop the correct architecture the company need by evaluating what it has and then acquire them. It seems also that Price Water House lacked the technical expertise to take the project forward, in that several contingencies were made, including hardware and software that were not in the original budget. Sidney Water had carefully followed the tender process of selecting Price Water House as the winner but should have done background checks on its past performances with other companies. It should also have brought in IT experts within the organization, and externally, to timely perform Technical Proof Of Concept (TPOC) to help guide its decision in the correct direction. It seems Sidney Water was looking only at keeping the project cost below the budgeted and not at its feasibility. This is due to the fact that companies in a tender process will give information they cannot guarantee, in order to win bids, and they often hope the bid recipients will be impressed and make hastily uninformed decisions. The company after selecting Price Water House called in the company after three months to begin work, without visiting other facilities that had similar systems to see what levels of efficiency they were achieving and be able to make comparisons to its goals and objectives. Poor contract administration led to the transfer of responsibility for certain aspects of the project back to Sidney Water from Price Water House.  

A Comparison of the Chemical Structures and Production Methods of Silk

A Comparison of the Chemical Structures and Production Methods of Silk and Artificial Silk Abstract Despite their seemingly similar exteriors, the chemical structures and production methods of natural silk and the artificial silks rayon and nylon are quite different. Silk yarn, extracted from the cocoon of the Bombyx mori moth, is made up of fibroin molecules with beta-pleated sheet secondary structures. The fibroin molecules consist of crystalline fibers constructed of regularly paralleled, unfolded polypeptide chains of polyglycylalanine mixed with an amorphous part. Although viscose rayon was originally called â€Å"artificial silk,† it is not a truly synthetic fiber, as it is made from wood pulp, a naturally-occurring, cellulose-based material. Nylon, however, is a synthetic fiber. It is a polyamide whose molecular chains are formed by regularly spaced –CONH– amide groups. Nylon 6-6, or poly(hexamethylneadipamide), is composed of two structural monomers (hexamethylendiamine (H2N(CH2)6NH2) and adipic acid (HOOC(CH2)4COOH), whereas Nylon 6, or poly(6-caprolactam), is composed of a single structural unit (either 6-aminocaproic acid (H2N(CH2)4COOH) or caprolactam). Ultimately, the different chemistries and production methods of these fibers give them certain advantages (such as viscose’s ability to combine with other fibers to create new fabrics easily) and disadvantages (such as nylon’s quickly weakening fibers or natural silk’s difficulty of production) over one another that make them more or less suitable for certain purposes. For this reason, when considering silk and artificial silk, it is illogical to pick one fiber that is superior to the others and to focus on the production of that specific fiber. A Compa... ...io State University Extension Fact Sheet: Textiles and Clothing. Retrieved July 25, 2008, from http://ohioline.osu.edu/hygfact/ 5000/5538.html Swicofil AG Textile Services. (n.d.). Viscose Rayon. Swicofil. Retrieved July 25, 2008, from http://www.swicofil.com/viscose.htmlc Trossarelli, L. (2003). The History of Nylon. Commissione Centrale Materiali e Tecniche. Retrieved July 25, 2008, from http://www.caimateriali.org/Eventi/Torino/historynylon.html The Viscose Company. (1937). The Story of Rayon (3rd ed.). New York Sales Office: 200 Madison Avenue: The Viscose Company. Wikipedia. (July 24, 2008). Silk. Retrieved July 28, 2008, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silk Wikipedia. (July 28, 2008) Viscose. Retrieved July 26, 2008, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscose Woodhouse, T. F. (1929). Artificial Silk or Rayon (2nd ed.). Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, Ltd.

“Owl Creek Bridge” by Ambrose Bierce and Stephen Crane’s “The Blue Hotel” Essay

Many authors use irony to impact the story in different ways. Sometimes the author makes the tone very pleasant and dreamy, like every thing is good and ok, when all of the sudden the story is flipped completely, changing the whole outcome of the story. Irony can also be used in a much more subtle way, for example it doesn’t change the entire story, it just makes the reader think about what just happened a second time. For example, Ambrose Bierce’s short story, â€Å"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge† has very ironic elements to it. Just about the whole story itself is quite ironic. Peyton Farquhar, the main charter, is being hung. In the seconds of dying, he stretches the couple of seconds out into a long-lasting dream. He imagines himself swimming away while dodging bullets, and then he gets into the forest where he must make a long and miserable trip back to his house. Just as he is about to reach his wife’s arms his neck breaks and he dies, but he didn’t die there, he died long ago at the bridge. Bierce makes you truly think that Farquhar has escaped from death, but just as you think you are going to witness a happy ending, you figure out Peyton Farquhar has died at Owl Creek Bridge. Another example of irony in the short story â€Å"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge† was when the Union solider dressed as a Confederate soldier so easily convinced Farquhar to attempt to burn down the Owl Creek Bridge. All he had to do was mention that the bridge could easily be burnt down from one side. He was really a Union soldier trying to, in a way, trick Farquhar into giving up his life, and it worked fairly easily. Another short story that has some very ironic parts to it is Stephen Crane’s â€Å"The Blue Hotel†. One of its ironic points is when the Swede is in the pub. He is starting to get drunk and asks a small group of men in the pub to come have a drink with him. They say no and eventually the drunken Swede goes over and puts his hand on one of the men’s shoulder and ends up strangling him. This forces the man to pull out a knife and stab the Swede, which ends up killing him. All the Swede wanted was someone to drink and have a good time with, but oddly enough, this ends up costing him his life. Another very ironic point to â€Å"The Blue Hotel† was what all the Swede went through when he accused Johnnie of cheating in a game of cards. He got into a fight with Johnnie and then left the hotel from which he got stabbed and killed. The Swede lost his life over a little accusation of cheating. Later on in the story we learn that his acquisition turned out to be true; Johnnie actually did cheat at the card game, just nobody believed him over Johnnie because everyone has known him for a long time, but the Swede was just some random guy that thought everyone was out to get him. Irony can be used in different ways, some very dramatic, and some just to add a little kick to the story. Bierce used irony in a very direct and in a way that it completely changed the plot. He used it so that an almost seemingly happy ending turned into a very sad ending in the blink of an eye. Crane’s use of irony sort of adds to the story without completely changing it. It makes the reader feel sort of bad for the character, making them feel if just this little change would have occurred, everything would have turned out happy. Irony is a very strong tool that can be used is to enhance the story and even to fool the reader sometimes.

A Brief Note On Occupational Inequalities And The Colonial...

occupational inequalities† (ibid.:30). The particular subservience towards the colonial administration can be considered an organized emulation and convenience of representative practices. There is little doubt that the British colonizers had originally planned to lead the colonized Africans towards â€Å"an image of that society as they wished to see it† (Comaroff 1989: 665). A shared framework of pride and loyalty to the Crown had to be genuine, as â€Å"Africans who sought to manipulate these symbols for themselves, without accepting the implications of subordination within a neo-tradition of governance, were usually accused by Europeans of triviality, of confusing form with reality and of imagining that it was possible to achieve power or†¦show more content†¦African colonial employees, local elites, and even some members of the general population were considered part of the aforementioned intermediaries. The intermediaries also had the opportunity to control the dissemination of information in their interactions with the colonial administrative officials. One particular example, although set in Siguiri of present-day Republic of Guinea, models the intermediaries’ control over the dissemination of information. The French colonial commander posted to Siguiri in 1899 once complained to his superiors that a wall of deceptions and lies were built around him by the local interpreter and the local chief (ibid.). He discovered that a series of actions had been carried out in his name without the commander’s knowledge. The commander’s interpreter and local chief had, among other actions, â€Å"used their positions to levy fines, imprison sheep and take women as wives without pay† (ibid.: 30). Of course, it was the prestige and authority that was associated with the commander’s name that enabled the African intermediaries to openly profit off of the colonial situation. 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